Qualitative understanding of partition preferences
Introduction
Cavity modelRules for partitioningThe cavity model in quantitative terms
Selftest
1) What does the cavity model say? Answer 2) Main interactions ... ? Answer 3) Size of a solute molecule ... ? Answer 4) Size of the solvent molecule ... ? Answer 5) Interpretation of data Answer 6) "Like dissolves like" Answer 7) Concept maps 8) Functional groups Answer 9) Illustration by given data? Answer 10) Evaluation of the software PcKocWIN 11) H-bonds between given substances? 12) Tendency to distribute Answer 13) Gas chromatography Answer 
14) Henry's Law constant Answer 15) QuizProblems
Intermolecular interactions in every day life
FAQ9) Which of the above rules can be illustrated by the given data?
Question:
Which of the partitioning rules can be illustrated by the partition data given below?
Hint: first classify all compounds according to the scheme (page "Polarity" or Table 3 in the textbook) as apolar, monopolar (H-donor or acceptor) and bipolar!
| Compound / solvent combination | Ksolvent/air | Example for partitioning rule ... | ||||||
| I only vdW-interactions occur: | II also H-bond interactions occur: | |||||||
Rule 1 apolar molecules in apolar or monopolar phases |
Rule 2 monopolar molecules in monopolar phases of the same polarity and in apolar phases |
Rule 3 bipolar molecules in apolar phases |
Rule 4 apolar molecule in bipolar phases |
Rule 5 >various chemicals in monopolar phases |
Rule 6 |
|||
| ethanol / decane | 38 | |||||||
| ethanol / CCl4 | 115 | |||||||
| ethanol / cyclohexane | 45 | |||||||
| butanone / cyclohexane | 1301 | |||||||
| butanone / butylether | 533 | |||||||
| butanone / CH2Cl2 | 7272 | |||||||
| dioxane / CCl4 | 4326 | |||||||
| dioxane / cyclohexane | 1106 | |||||||
| dioxane / ethyl ether | 2436 | |||||||
| dioxane / chloroform | 27366 | |||||||
| dioxane / CH2Cl2 | 18712 | |||||||
Rule 1 apolar molecules in apolar or monopolar phases |
Rule 2 monopolar molecules in monopolar phases of the same polarity and in apolar phases |
Rule 3 bipolar molecules in apolar phases |
Rule 4 apolar molecule in bipolar phases |
Rule 5 various chemicals in monopolar phases |
Rule 6 |
|||
| toluene / CCl4 | 6621 | |||||||
| toluene / decane | 2638 | |||||||
| toluene /cyclohexane | 3831 | |||||||
| dioxane / decane | 813 | |||||||
| dioxane / CCl4 | 4326 | |||||||
| dioxane /cyclohexane | 1106 | |||||||
| dioxane / toluene | 4080 | |||||||
| dioxane /diethyl ether | 2436 | |||||||
| dioxane / benzylether | 3122 | |||||||
| butanone / decane | 254 | |||||||
| butanone / cyclohexane | 1301 | |||||||
| butanone / butylether | 533 | |||||||
| butanone / benzylether | 985 | |||||||
Rule 1 apolar molecules in apolar or monopolar phases |
Rule 2 monopolar molecules in monopolar phases of the same polarity and in apolar phases |
Rule 3 bipolar molecules in apolar phases |
Rule 4 apolar molecule in bipolar phases |
Rule 5 various chemicals in monopolar phases |
Rule 6 |
|||
| water / heptane | 4.47 | |||||||
| water / 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene | 12.5 | |||||||
| water / tetrachloroethylene | 6.67 | |||||||
| ethanol / decane | 38 | |||||||
| ethanol / cyclohexane | 45 | |||||||
| ethanol / benzene | 229 | |||||||
| ethanol / isopropylether | 470 | |||||||
| ethanol / dioxane | 1922 | |||||||
| toluene / butyl ether | 3780 | |||||||
| toluene / heptane | 2928 | |||||||
| toluene / chloroform | 11890 | |||||||
| octane / decane | 6688 | |||||||
| octane / CCl4 | 11142 | |||||||
| octane /cyclohexane | 11227 | |||||||
| octane / toluene | 7387 | |||||||
| octane / ethyl ether | 8287 | |||||||
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