Sample preparation

Sample preparation - context
Sample preparation - motivation
Purpose of sample preparation
Overview of preparation methods
     Liquid liquid extraction (LLE)
     Solid phase extraction (SPE)
     Solid phase microextraction (SPME)
     Purge and trap (PT)
     (Accelerated) Solvent extraction ((A)SE)
           General description of (A)SE
                 Properties of the solvent for SE
           Illustration of solvent extraction
           Detailed description of (A)SE
     Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)
      Filter Techniques (FT)
Box 10 Filtration
Box 11 Sorbents
Box 12 Preconcentration
Self test
Problems
End of chapter

General description of (A)SE

Principle of SE:

Extraction of analyte from dried, pulverized solid samples (e.g., soil and sediments) into mono-polar solvent at elevated temperatures

However: volatile solvents may not be easily 'heated'

 

Principle of ASE:

Extraction under high pressure, which increases the boiling points of the solvents and hence allows them to be heated

advantage:

ASE typically yields higher extraction efficiencies than SE

disadvantage:

requires special ASE equipment